Cleaning out the crown
The removal of dead wood, dying, diseased, weak, suppressed, split, broken, hanging, crossing and rubbing branches and epicormic growth (small shoots emanating from the main trunk and stems) from the crown.
Removal of dead wood
The removal of all major dead wood in the tree down to 3-4cm diameter. Formative prune: Being the minimal pruning of, usually, young trees to maintain optimum initial branch structure and crown balance in order to pre-empt potential future problems.